当程序出现类似于下面的错误时：

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# python
>>> import nncase
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "D:\a\nncase\nncase\install\python\nncase\__init__.py", line 34, in <module>
    import _nncase
ImportError: DLL load failed while importing _nncase: The specified module could not be found.

这意味着系统中存在某个dll确实的情况，一种简单的排查手段是使用Dependency Walker来进行定位，github链接为：Dependency Walker github

Dependency Walker

可以直接使用wget下载：

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wget https://github.com/lucasg/Dependencies/releases/download/v1.11.1/Dependencies_x64_Release.zip
unzip xxx.zip

命令行模式

进入对应的目录下，找到Dependencies.exe（命令行执行）

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./Dependencies.exe -depth 2 -chain  _nncase.cp38-win_amd64.pyd

log如下：

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# ./../../../Dependencies.exe -depth 2 -chain  _nncase.cp38-win_amd64.pyd 
├ _nncase.cp38-win_amd64.pyd (ROOT) : _nncase.cp38-win_amd64.pyd 
|  ├ Nncase.Runtime.Native.dll (Environment) : D:\a\nncase\nncase\install\bin\Nncase.Runtime.Native.dll 
|  |  ├ libomp140.x86_64.dll (WindowsFolder) : C:\Windows\system32\libomp140.x86_64.dll 
|  |  ├ KERNEL32.dll (WellKnownDlls) : C:\Windows\system32\kernel32.dll 
|  |  |  ├ api-ms-win-core-rtlsupport-l1-1-0.dll (ApiSetSchema) : C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll 
|  |  |  ├ api-ms-win-core-rtlsupport-l1-2-2.dll (ApiSetSchema) : C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll 
|  |  |  ├ ntdll.dll (WellKnownDlls) : C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll 
|  |  |  ├ api-ms-win-core-appcompat-l1-1-1.dll (ApiSetSchema) : C:\Windows\system32\kernelbase.dll
|  |  |  ├ ext-ms-win-oobe-query-l1-1-0.dll (NOT_FOUND) :
|  |  |  ├ RPCRT4.dll (WellKnownDlls) : C:\Windows\system32\rpcrt4.dll
|  |  ├ ADVAPI32.dll (WellKnownDlls) : C:\Windows\system32\advapi32.dll
|  ├ python38.dll (Environment) : C:\hostedtoolcache\windows\Python\3.8.10\x64\python38.dll
|  |  ├ VERSION.dll (WindowsFolder) : C:\Windows\system32\VERSION.dll
|  |  ├ api-ms-win-crt-filesystem-l1-1-0.dll (ApiSetSchema) : C:\Windows\system32\ucrtbase.dll
|  ├ KERNEL32.dll (WellKnownDlls) : C:\Windows\system32\kernel32.dll

可以很容易发现ext-ms-win-oobe-query-l1-1-0.dll这个dll不存在，然后google对应的问题解决

目前该问题没有合适的解决方法，只是操作系统版本不匹配导致

gflags

该方法目前没有找到非常合适的使用案例，tmate中无法使用event viewer工具，无法查看系统日志
gflags.exe 的命令使用如下e

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/c/Program\ Files\ \(x86\)/Windows\ Kits/10/Debuggers/x64/gflags.exe -i c:/hostedtoolcache/windows/Python/3.8.10/x64/python.exe +sls

GUI界面

如果要使用GUI，则执行DependenciesGUI.exe

Dumpbin

如何在tmate中使用dumpbin

首先需要激活vscmd环境，不能直接使用windows server中的命令行，否则无法找到dumpbin工具
$ cd /c/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/2022/Enterprise/Common7/Tools
$ ./LaunchDevCmd.bat
之后就激活了vscmd命令行环境，vs相关的工具都可以使用

dumpbin使用

首先使用/DEPENDENTS 来查找当前库所依赖的dll，之后逐级查找
dumpbin /DEPENDENTS _nncase.cp38-win_amd64.pyd 

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Microsoft (R) COFF/PE Dumper Version 14.41.34120.0
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Dump of file _nncase.cp38-win_amd64.pyd

File Type: DLL

  Image has the following dependencies:
  
Nncase.Runtime.Native.dll
python38.dll
KERNEL32.dll

dumpbin /DEPENDENTS D:\a\nncase\nncase\install\bin\Nncase.Runtime.Native.dll

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Dump of file D:\a\nncase\nncase\install\bin\Nncase.Runtime.Native.dll

File Type: DLL

  Image has the following dependencies:
  
libomp140.x86_64.dll
KERNEL32.dll
ADVAPI32.dll

dumpbin /DEPENDENTS C:\hostedtoolcache\windows\Python\3.8.10\x64\python38.dll

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Dump of file C:\hostedtoolcache\windows\Python\3.8.10\x64\python38.dll

File Type: DLL

  Image has the following dependencies:
  
VERSION.dll
SHLWAPI.dll
WS2_32.dll
ADVAPI32.dll
KERNEL32.dll
VCRUNTIME140.dll
api-ms-win-crt-math-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-locale-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-string-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-stdio-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-convert-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-time-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-environment-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-process-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-heap-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-conio-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-crt-filesystem-l1-1-0.dll

dumpbin /DEPENDENTS C:\Windows\System32\kernel32.dll

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Dump of file C:\Windows\System32\kernel32.dll

File Type: DLL

  Image has the following dependencies:
  
api-ms-win-core-rtlsupport-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-rtlsupport-l1-2-2.dll
ntdll.dll
KERNELBASE.dll
api-ms-win-core-processthreads-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-processthreads-l1-1-3.dll
api-ms-win-core-processthreads-l1-1-2.dll
api-ms-win-core-processthreads-l1-1-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-registry-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-heap-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-heap-l2-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-memory-l1-1-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-memory-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-memory-l1-1-2.dll
api-ms-win-core-handle-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-synch-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-synch-l1-2-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-synch-l1-2-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-file-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-file-l1-2-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-file-l1-2-2.dll
api-ms-win-core-file-l1-2-4.dll
api-ms-win-core-file-l1-2-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-delayload-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-io-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-io-l1-1-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-job-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-threadpool-legacy-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-threadpool-private-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-largeinteger-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-libraryloader-l1-2-3.dll
api-ms-win-core-libraryloader-l1-2-2.dll
api-ms-win-core-libraryloader-l1-2-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-libraryloader-l1-2-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-libraryloader-l2-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-namedpipe-l1-2-2.dll
api-ms-win-core-namedpipe-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-namedpipe-l1-2-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-datetime-l1-1-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-datetime-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-datetime-l1-1-2.dll
api-ms-win-core-sysinfo-l1-2-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-sysinfo-l1-2-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-sysinfo-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-sysinfo-l1-2-3.dll
api-ms-win-core-timezone-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-processsnapshot-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-processenvironment-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-processenvironment-l1-2-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-string-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-debug-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-debug-l1-1-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-errorhandling-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-errorhandling-l1-1-3.dll
api-ms-win-core-fibers-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-util-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-profile-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-security-base-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-security-base-l1-2-0.dll
api-ms-win-security-appcontainer-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-comm-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-realtime-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-wow64-l1-1-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-wow64-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-wow64-l1-1-3.dll
api-ms-win-core-systemtopology-l1-1-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-systemtopology-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-processtopology-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-namespace-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-file-l2-1-2.dll
api-ms-win-core-file-l2-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-file-l2-1-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-file-l2-1-3.dll
api-ms-win-core-xstate-l2-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-xstate-l2-1-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-xstate-l2-1-2.dll
api-ms-win-core-localization-l2-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-normalization-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-fibers-l2-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-fibers-l2-1-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-localization-private-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-sidebyside-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-appcompat-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-windowserrorreporting-l1-1-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-windowserrorreporting-l1-1-2.dll
api-ms-win-core-windowserrorreporting-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-windowserrorreporting-l1-1-3.dll
api-ms-win-core-console-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-console-l1-2-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-console-l1-2-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-console-l2-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-console-l2-2-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-console-l3-2-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-psapi-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-psapi-ansi-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-eventing-provider-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-apiquery-l1-1-0.dll
api-ms-win-core-delayload-l1-1-1.dll
api-ms-win-core-appcompat-l1-1-1.dll

Image has the following delay load dependencies:

ext-ms-win-oobe-query-l1-1-0.dll
RPCRT4.dll
许可协议

本文采用 署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享 4.0 国际 许可协议，转载请注明出处。